TEXTURES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS


 
 

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Texture - Indicates the mutual relationships of crystalline and amorphous material in a rock. It is a function of crystallinity, granularity, and fabric. 
    Crystallinity - the degree or extent of crystallization. 
    • Holocrystalline - entirely crystalline. 
    • Hypocrystalline - partly crystalline and partly glassy. 
    • Holohyaline - wholly glassy. 
    Granularity - the absolute size of crystals. 
    • Phaneritic - crystals visible to the naked eye. 
    • Pegmatitic -- crystals > 20 mm. 
    • Coarse-grained - crystals > 20 mm., but < 5 mm. 
    • Medium grained - crystals > 5 mm., but < 1 mm. 
    • Fine-grained - crystals < 1 mm. 
    • Aphanitic - crystals not visible to the unaided eye. May be crystalline or glassy 
    • Felsitic - an aphanitic texture in an acid rock. 
    • Microcrystalline - microscopically crystalline. 
    Fabric - the shape and arrangement of crystals and amorphous parts. 

    Shapes of single crystals
    • Euhedral - possesses crystal outline. 
    • Subhedral - possesses crystal outline in part only. 
    • Anhedral -lacks crystal outline 
    • Equant - equidimensional 
    • Tabular - two dimensions much greater than the third. 
    • Prismatic - one dimension much greater than the other two. 
    • Acicular - needle-like. 
    • Irregular - no definite form. 
    Equigranular fabric 
    • Granular 
    • Idiomorphic granular - most grains are euhedral. 
    • Hypidiomorphic granular (granitic) - grains show crystal faces in part. 
    • Allotriomorphic granular - most grains are anhedral. 
    • Microgranular - microscopically granular. 
    • Orthophyric - feldspar occurs as short, stumpy, euhedral crystals. 
    • Pilotaxitic - a felty aggregate of tiny, lath-shaped crystals. 
    Inequigranular fabric. 
    • Porphyritic - large crystals (phenocrysts) imbedded in a finer-grained or amorphous groundmass. 
    • Subporphyritic - intermediate between porphyritic and granular. 
    • glomeroporphyritic - a porphyritic texture comprised of clusters of phenocrysts. 
    • Seriate - an anisometric texture in which the sizes of the crystals vary gradually or in a continuous series. 
    • Poikilitic - small crystals enclosed by larger crystals. 
    • Ophitic or diabasic - plagioclase enclosed by augite. 
    • Intersertal - crystalline or amorphous material fills the interspaces between larger, closely packed crystals. 
    • Hyalopilitic - glass enclosing numerous microlites. 
    Directional fabric 
    • Trachytic - subparallel, tabular crystals of feldspar in an aphanitic rock. 
    • Trachytoid - similar to trachytic, but in a phaneritic rock. 
    Intergrown fabric. 
    • Graphic - two mineral (e.g., quartz and orthoclase) intergrown so as to give a cunieform-like appearance. 
    • Micrographic (micropegmatitic or granophyric) - a microscopic-scale graphic texture. 
    • Myrmekitic - a wormy-like intergrowth of quartz and plagioclase. 
    • Perthitic - an intergrowth of potash feldspar and plagioclase. 
 
Content Prepared by: 
O. Don Hermes 
Department of Geology 
University of Rhode Island 
Kingston, RI 02881



December 30, 1996 


This page prepared by Brian D. Jones 
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